Month: April 2022

OSI Model Layer 5 and 6, Freedom and Democracy

Previous articles:

Layer 5, the Session layer, is really a nuts-n-bolts layer that is difficult to explain in context.  And the implications are minimal, so we’re going to skip over that.  There are some relevant points to VPN and authentication, but the real good parts are in layer 6.

Layer 6 is the subject of a lot of debate.  And boy, is it a geeky debate.  Think “how many Picards can dance on the head of a pin” kinda debate.  I won’t get too into it other than to say some people would disagree with my thoughts on this.

(For my fellow geeks who would disagree…here’s it is in a nutshell:  Layer 6 is where data interoperability lives–compression, encryption, text conversion, etc.  The line is a little blurry with layer 7.  But in my interpretation, the mechanisms, programs, and code in layer 7 may be very different, but they are reading  the same data and successfully interpret it.  That action indicates a lower abstraction layer, and that  is layer is layer 6.)

For the non technical, that means a JPG file from your home security camera also works in a web browser.  And an MPG from your iPhone can also play on your Android.  And a PDF can work across multiple devices.

Tsunami Wave
The tragedy of the 2011 Tsunami in Japan can be felt by billions of people due to the standard formats used to capture the event.

So the most important implication for freedom and democracy at Level 6 is a standard form of media across all devices and programs.

Not too long ago, you couldn’t watch a video from England (and most of Europe) on a device in the US.  They used two completely separate video standards.  You needed a different video tape, a different VCR, and a different TV (or “tele”).

During the Soviet Coup attempt, the coup leaders captured President Gorbachev and sent him away to “rest”.  While captive, Gorbachev’s son-in-law Anatoly secretly recorded 4 messages from him to the outside, and cut the physical video tape up so that it could be smuggled out.

Interestingly, I am unable to find any video from this tape online.  That may very well be due to the limited ability to encode the format of the tape, since the format of that tape was probably very….Soviet.  But you can see a video of Gorbachev describing his captivity by clicking here.

In today’s world, interoperability means you can watch a drone video from the battlefields of Ukraine, watch a debate in Australian Parliament, or see video directly from protestors.

In short, this layer is what has opened up the media to anyone with a phone and an internet connection.  The implication is as profound as the printing press on freedom and democracy.

Next Article:

The Federalist Number 1. Blogging Our Way to Modern Democracy

I read somewhere that the written word will be humanity’s only true form of time travel.  It is a method of communicating across the ages thoughts directly from one mind to another.  When you read a word, the writer reaches out across minutes, years, or eons and puts those thoughts directly into your head for examination.

Video, audio, and other means have a similar effect but there are so many competing factors.  The written word is the most direct method.

Is it any wonder, then, that God chose writing to convey His will across all these hundreds of years?  The uniqueness of this medium is manifest in the gravity of the phrase “the Word of God”.  Indeed, in John 1 God Himself is defined as “The Word”.

Gutenberg Bible
A 1455 Gutenberg Bible in the Library of Congress. While the age of the document itself is amazing, the fact that the words reach out through thousands of years is really hard to fathom.

Ok so shove me in the shallow waters here.  I’m only fixin’ to talk about the government.

It is a trip to think that the direction of government can be completely changed with words.  Pamphlets, newspapers, doorhangers, and facebook post can all convey thoughts to a critical mass of people that will change the course of history.  It’s why our First Amendment is so important.

The American Crisis
Pamphlets like “The American Crisis”, by Thomas Paine were critical in motivating people during the Revolutionary War.

There are many other examples of how this has happened throughout history, but I want to focus on a collection of moderately obscure works called the Federalist papers.

Most people are familiar with what the Federalist Papers are.  But it seems like very few people (including me) have actually dug into them to any degree.  This is understandable given the sheer volume and density of the material. But in a time when the validity of the US Constitution is questioned at the highest levels of government, I think it might be a good exercise to dig in to such a thorough effort to justify it’s adoption.

In a nutshell, the Federalist papers (simply labeled “Federalist No. #” where # is a Roman numeral) were a series of articles across several New York newspapers arguing in favor of a new Constitution vs. the old Articles of Confederation.

Articles of Confederation
Our original “Articles of Confederation”. Note the relatively boring lede: “To All to Whom”? Doesn’t really work on a bumper sticker.  It was worth scrapping the whole thing just to get the much better “We the People”.

Federalist #1 was published in “The Independent Journal” on October 27, 1787, and was written Alexander Hamilton.  One month earlier, the new Constitution had been proposed.

There really are some good tidbits in these documents.  You can read Federalist number 1 by clicking on this link.  

It has been frequently remarked that it seems to have been reserved to the people of this country, by their conduct and example, to decide the important question, whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend for their political constitutions on accident and force.

-“Publius” in Federalist No. 1

Here are my summarizing points:

  • This nation is unique.  There are fundamental questions on how a country should function that are being addressed here and nowhere else.
  • We’re at a turning point here.  Either we update how our country is going to work, or things will descend into chaos.  It will affect all of humanity negatively.
  • That chaos will create (and is creating) power for some people, so they will oppose a new constitution.
  • They will try to hold on to this power by painting the new constitution as oppressive.
  • Some people are also planning to dissolve or split the union of states to create more power for themselves.
  • It takes a strong government to protect liberty.
  • I’m writing under a pseudonym so that the arguments will stand for themselves.
  • We’re going to go over the utility of a unified, federal government for your political prosperity.
  • We’re going to show how the existing Articles of Confederation aren’t good enough.
  • We will show how a new government as proposed in the Constitution is necessary to preserve our original ideas for a republic. We will list the reasons why it will do this.
  • We will compare it with the current state constitutions.
  • We will also show how a unified republic as defined in the Constitution is more secure.

So essentially Federalist #1 is an opening statement for the series.  It talks a little about why they are being written, what they hope to accomplish, and what points they are going to make.

It’s interesting to think that some of the most fundamental values and structures of our country were once open to such debate.  I’m looking forward to digging in further.